For Imam Yahya, one of Yemen’s last kings, qat was a delight that he praised in poems. For his adversary, the revolutionary al-Zubayri, the plant was the “devil in the shape of a tree«”. Still today the views on qat greatly diverge. For some, qat farming is the perpetuum mobile of Yemen’s rural economy and qat chewing an age-old social pursuit. For others, qat is the main inhibitor of human and economic development in Yemen and is to blame for poverty and corruption and the depletion of Yemen’s water resources.
With Yemen’s 2011 “Youth Revolution,” a decade of half-hearted qat policies and missed opportunities has come to an end − a decade, however, that has succeeded in lifting the veil of silence that was cast over qat in media and politics after President Ali Abdullah Salih came to power in 1978. With the forecast depletion of Yemen’s oil and gas reserves within the next decade, the economic importance of qat will further increase and will bring about an important shift in the balance of power.
For Imam Yahya, one of Yemen’s last kings, qat was a delight that he praised in poems. For his adversary, the revolutionary al-Zubayri, the plant was the “devil in the shape of a tree”.
Still today the views on qat greatly diverge. For some, qat farming is the perpetuum mobile of Yemen’s rural economy and qat chewing an age-old social pursuit that has helped to preserve Yemeni identity in a rapidly changing world. For others, qat is the main inhibitor of human and economic development in Yemen and is to blame for poverty and corruption, the depletion of Yemen’s water resources and the country’s sloppy approach to fighting Islamist terror.
While some believe that qat chewing was the very motor of Yemen’s “Arab Spring”, others hold it responsible for Yemen’s muddled revolution with its high blood toll. In internet blogs even al-Qaeda, its affiliates, and sympathizers discuss the pros and cons of the drug, and a number of Yemeni suicide bombers have met their fate with qat-filled cheeks. A final decision of al-Qaeda on what stance to adopt towards the drug has seemingly been postponed. The Jihadists want to avoid alienating Yemen’s population with a premature ban of the popular stimulant before having gained firm control over the country. Al-Qaeda has learned from the mistakes of its Islamist sister organization, the al-Shabab militia in war-torn Somalia.
With Yemen’s 2011 “Youth Revolution”, a decade of half-hearted qat policies and missed opportunities has come to an end – a decade, however, that has succeeded in lifting the veil of silence that was cast over qat in media and politics after President Ali Abdullah Salih came to power in 1978. This whitewash had been part of a ruling bargain between the Salih regime and the unruly tribes that had imparted highland Yemen several decades of relative stability and Salih a 33-year rule.
With the forecast depletion of Yemen’s oil and gas reserves within the next decade, the economic importance of qat will further increase and will bring about an important shift in the balance of power from the central government towards the qat producing highland tribes. The challenge of addressing the qat problem is thus tremendous for Yemen’s policy makers. While the transitional government is hesitant about its future qat course, Yemen’s anti-qat activists have seized the current, favorable climate of change. Emboldened by Yemen’s revolution and the ouster of President Salih they have recently launched a series of campaigns against the drug, dubbed a “revolution on one’s self ”.
„Though he does not see a bright future for Yemen, he does offer some suggestions for ways to move forward in a positive manner. One hopes that someone in the govemment takes the time to read what he has to say.“
Von Nate Harper
In: DAVO-Nachrichten, 36/37, 2014, S. 173-174.
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„What we now have is 862 pages of unique records and exhaustive analys is related to the topic of qat in Yemen. (...) Gatter’s book is must-read for anyone interested and involved in Yemen. Importantly, one hopes that someone in the government takes the time to read wat he has to say.“
Von: Nate Harper
In: Jemen-Report, Jg. 45/2014. Heft 1/2, S. 138-139.
Peer Gatter (born 1968) is a political scientist and scholar of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies with a focus on water politics and the political economy of the Middle East. Following his studies at the Universities of Tübingen, Teheran and Georgetown, he worked as freelance journalist for the German weeklies “Die Zeit”, “Focus” and “Der Spiegel” reporting mostly from Afghanistan, Iran, West Africa and Northern Ireland. Since 1999 he worked for nearly a decade in and on Yemen for the World Bank and UNDP. His portfolio included decentralization, agricultural reform, water and environment, protection of the biodiversity of Socotra Archipelago and the Red Sea, and last but not least, qat. He organized Yemen’s “First National Conference on Qat” (2002). In 2008, he joined the German international cooperation in Syria and Lebanon where he worked as coordinator of the water sector. In 2010, he returned to Germany and coordinates GIZ’s Program for Intercultural Relations with Muslim Countries.
Preface